Slide Down An Oil Slick

An unsteady rupee together with continuing volatility in crude oil prices in the wake of US sanctions against Iran and Russia have become a major cause of worry for India. The downward slide of the rupee over the last several weeks was triggered by the US Treasury Dep­artment바카라�s move on April 16 when it put India바카라�for the first time바카라�on a list of countries being monitored for possible currency manipulation. In addition, US President Donald Trump바카라�s protectionist moves have not helped India. The country is yet to work out how to minimise the impact on consumers as crude oil prices hover over $75 per barrel and the rupee sliding to more than 67 rup­ees to the dollar. For India, which dep­ends on imports for over 75 per cent of its crude oil dem­and, a weak rupee is a big drawback as it threatens to undo the last quarter바카라�s ­robust economic growth. A major concern for policymakers is, will global oil prices scale over $80 per barrel in the near future, as witnessed recently ­before the slide to $75 levels?

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With the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) stepping in, the rupee slide has been ste­mmed for now at below Rs 68/dollar. Despite this, the question바카라�worrying imp-­orters in particular바카라�is whether the rupee will fall further. 바카라�We look for a range of Rs 66.50바카라�Rs 69.50 for the next three mon-ths, with a weakening bias for rupees. Fur-ther on, the rupee바카라�s movement will depend a lot on the crude oil price,바카라� says Vikram Mur­arka, chief currency strateg­IST, Kshitij Con­sultancy Services. He clarifies that contrary to popular perception, crude oil strength or weakness doesn바카라�t translate to long-term rupee weakness or strength.

But in the short term,  crude strength can sometimes lead to rupee weakness. 바카라�Going forward, if Brent crude continues to rise, it can cause global inflation to rise. This can lead to an increase in bond yields, and as bonds become attractive, funds could be diverted away from global equities which could then fall. This could weaken the rupee further. The link between global equities and the rupee is through the BSE Sensex and the Nifty,바카라� says Murarka.

With GDP having clocked 7.7 per cent growth in the January바카라�March quarter, up from seven per cent in the previous quarter, the current situation seems likely to hit the manufacturing sector, which had just begun to recoup after demonetisation and GST introduction.  The unfolding scenario seems likely to reverse the inflation trend, which had moderated, as well as the modest rise in forex reserves. Shashanka Bhide, director, Madras Institute of Development Studies, points out that pressure on external fronts has been visible since the beginning of the current financial year. He says the rising import bill, caused by increasing global prices of energy and other commodities, would have an inflationary ­impact and hurt ­exports. 바카라�In other words, the output growth stimulus from the exc­hange rate depreciation may be missing. The off­setting factors for growth, in the face of these adverse external conditions, would be how to sustain investment, an indicator of future growth,바카라� says Bhide.

Dharmakirti Joshi, chief economist at global analytical firm CRISIL, says that given high growth in the last quarter, India is in a better position to withstand the impact of a weak rupee. Past trends also give him optimism that the rupee바카라�s fall will correct itself, and thus there will be little inflationary impact. 바카라�The direct imp­­act of rising crude prices is on the cur­rent account deficit, which starts rising very quickly. We have seen that hap­pen. The question is, at what level will crude oil stabilise? The volatility is due to geopolitical disturbances. If the average is around $70바카라�72 per barrel, then its imp­act can be absorbed. But if it is $80 plus, then it can impact even the fiscal deficit to some extent,바카라� says Joshi.

Goldman Sachs in a recent report raised the forecast of India바카라�s current account deficit to around 2.4 per cent of GDP in 2018바카라�19, from the earlier projection of 2.1 per cent. Pointing out that the trade deficit is alm­ost at the highest level now, Biswajit Dhar of the Centre for Economic Studies, JNU, states that any fur­ther depreciation of the rupee would int­e­n­s­ify the impact of the high oil prices on the economy, particularly import-dependent manufacturing units바카라�and thus, exports. An international trade expert, Dhar cites the example of two major items in our export basket바카라�petroleum and gems/jewellery바카라�which have a significant element of re-exports. This means that when you import raw material, you pay more due to pressure on the rupee, and when you re-export, your rea­lisation will be lower, again due to rupee depreciation. 바카라�So, you are at the wrong end of the curve now. The trade deficit is rising because imports are expanding and we are unable to do anything about exports. The government doesn바카라�t seem to have any strategy for promoting exports,바카라� says Dhar. 바카라�Exports are linked to the state of the real sectors바카라�how your manufacturing, agriculture and food processing shape up. We don바카라�t know how manufacturing revival is shaping up because Make in India does not seem to have yielded much result,바카라� he adds.

Last year, the government brought out a discussion paper on industrial policy, but there has been no movement on it so far. The real worry remains how the government proposes to put the manufacturing sector back on track. Simila-rly, the government is not focusing ­adequately on agriculture. Uday Bha­skar, director general, Pharmexcil, says the impact of the exc­hange rate over a short period may be hard to assess, bec­ause most raw materials or intermediaries imported are paid for partly in advance. 바카라�Our exp­orters normally keep 3바카라�4 months of inventory, whereas our realisations are normally 90바카라�120 days, which almost corresponds to inventory. While we pay ruling rates for our imp­orts, we realise predetermined rates, especially tenders, so when the rupee weakens for a longer period, we may find it difficult,바카라� says Bhaskar.

With the world turning protectionist, exporters fear they will not benefit much from a weaker rupee. Suranjan Gupta, exe­­cutive director, Eng­­­i­n­e­ering Export Pro­­mot­ion Council India, cites eng­ineering exports, which last year registered 16바카라�17 per cent growth over 2016바카라�17 levels to reach $76.2 billion. These combine low value-added and import-intensive exports. A large portion of Indian engineering exports is in the low-value segments which will benefit from a weaker rupee, but imp­ort-intensive products will benefit less, as input costs will rise and they may not be able to pass this on.  바카라�For an exporter, this yo-yoing of the rupee is a worrisome factor. The fall by four rupees in 15바카라�20 days, which was then reversed, makes it difficult for exporters, particularly small ones, to even hedge,바카라� says Gupta.

Both exporters and importers are banking on the RBI and the government to intervene to keep the rupee within the Rs 66바카라�68 range. This is also expec­ted to keep a check on inflation due to higher petroleum prices. The rupee and oil price swing apart, the manufacturing and exporting community is rattled by the rise of protectionism, with the US having raised the duty on steel and ­aluminium. Now, with the EU also bringing in safeguard duty, the road ahead for trade will be bumpy.