바카라�Ten Rupees바카라�: Manto바카라�s Short Story Explores Sex And Gender Binary

Saadat Hasan Manto바카라�s short story 바카라�Das Rupay바카라� is the story of a 15-year-old who was pushed into the flesh trade by her mother. Manto had arrived in Bombay from Amritsar in 1936 at the age of 24. Before he moved to Adelphi Chambers after marriage, he lived in a chawl believed to be in Arab Gully near Kamathipura. During the five years he lived in the chawl, editing a film magazine called 바카라�Mussawir바카라�, he visited Kamathipura, often for the material for his stories. 

Excerpts:

She was at the corner of the alley playing with the girls, and her mother was looking for her in the chawl (a big building with many floors and many small rooms). Sarita바카라�s mother had asked Kishori to sit down, had ordered some coffee-mixed tea from the tea boy outside, and had already searched for her daughter throughout the chawl바카라�s three floors. But no one knew where Sarita had run off to. She had even gone over to the open toilet and had called for her, 바카라�Hey, Sarita! Sarita!바카라� But she was nowhere in the building, and it was just as her mother suspected 바카라� Sarita had gotten over her bout of dysentery (even though she hadn바카라�t taken her medicine),  and without a care, in the world, she was now playing with the girls at the corner of the alley near the trash heap.

Sarita바카라�s mother was very worried.  Kishori was sitting inside, and he had announced that three rich men were waiting in their car in the nearby market. But Sarita had disappeared. Sarita바카라�s mother knew that rich men with cars don바카라�t come around every day, and in fact, it was only thanks to Kishori that she got a good customer once or twice a month because otherwise rich men would never come to that dirty neighbourhood where the stench of rotting paan and burnt-out bidis made Kishori pucker his nose. 

Really, how could rich men stand in such a neighbourhood? But Kishori was clever, and so he never brought men up to the chawl but would make Sarita dress up before taking her out. He told the men, 바카라�Sirs, things are very dicey these days. The police are always on the lookout to nab someone.  They바카라�ve already caught 200 girls. Even I am being tried in court. We all have to be very cautious.바카라�

Sarita바카라�s mother was very angry. When she got to the bottom of the stairs,  Ram Dai was sitting there cutting bidi leaves. 바카라�Have you seen Sarita  anywhere?바카라�

Sarita바카라�s mother asked her. 바카라�I don바카라�t know where she바카라�s gone off to. If I find her, I바카라�m going to beat her to a pulp. She바카라�s not a little girl anymore, and yet she runs around all day with those good-for-nothing boys.바카라�

Ram Dai continued cutting bidi leaves and didn바카라�t answer because Sarita바카라�s mother usually went around muttering like this. Every third or fourth day she had to go looking for Sarita and would repeat these very words to Ram Dai where she sat all day near the stairs with a basket in front of her as she tied red and white strings around the cigarettes. In addition to this refrain, the women of the building were always hearing from  Sarita바카라�s mother how she was going to marry Sarita off to a respectable man so that she might learn how to read and write a little, or how the city government had opened a school nearby where she was going to send Sarita because her father very much wanted her to know how to read and write.  Then she would sigh deeply and launch into a recitation of her deceased husband바카라�s story, which all the building바카라�s women knew by heart. If you asked Ram Dai how Sarita바카라�s father (who had worked for the railway) reacted when his boss swore at him,  then  Ram  Dai would immediately tell you that he got enraged and told off his boss, 바카라�I바카라�m not your servant but a servant of the government. You don바카라�t intimidate me. Look here, if you insult me again, I바카라�m going to break your jaw.바카라� Then it happened. His boss went ahead and insulted Sarita바카라�s father, and so Sarita바카라�s father punched him in the neck so hard that this man바카라�s hat fell to the floor and he almost collapsed. But he didn바카라�t. His boss was a big man 바카라� he stepped forward and with his army boot kicked Sarita바카라�s father in the stomach with such force that his spleen burst and he fell down right there near the railroad tracks and died. The government tried the man and ordered him to pay 500 rupees to Sarita바카라�s mother, but fate was unkind: Sarita바카라�s mother developed a love for gambling and in less than five months wasted all the money Sarita바카라�s mother was always telling this story,  but no one knew whether it was true. No one in the building felt any sympathy for her, perhaps because their lives were so difficult that they had no time to think about others. No one had any friends.  Most of the men slept during the day and worked nights in the nearby factory.  Everyone lived right on top of one another, and yet no one took any interest in anyone else.

Almost everyone in the building knew that  Sarita바카라�s mother was forcing her young daughter to be a prostitute, but because they weren바카라�t in the habit of concerning themselves with others, no one ever contradicted Sarita바카라�s mother when she would lie about how innocent her daughter was. Once when Tukaram harassed Sarita by the water spigot one early morning, Sarita바카라�s mother started screeching at Tukaram바카라�s wife, 바카라�Why can바카라�t you keep track of that dirty rat? I pray to God he goes blind for eyeing my little girl like that. I바카라�m telling you the truth, someday I바카라�m going to smack him so hard he won바카라�t know up from down. If he wants to raise hell somewhere else, that바카라�s fine, but if he wants to live here, he바카라�s going to have to behave like a respectable person, got it?바카라�
Hearing this, Tukaram바카라�s squint-eyed wife rushed out of her room tying on her sari. 바카라�Watch out, you old witch, if you say anything else!바카라� she said. 바카라�Your little angel flirts with even hotel boys. You think we바카라�re all blind 바카라� you don바카라�t think we know about that fine character who comes to your place and why your little Sarita gets dressed up and goes out? You 바카라� going on about honour 바카라� you must be kidding! Go! Get out of here!바카라�

Tukaram바카라�s wife was notorious for many things, but every single person in the building knew about her relationship with the kerosene seller,  about how she would call him inside and close the door. Sarita바카라�s mother made it a point to mention this. In a spiteful voice, she harped, 바카라�And your gigolo, the kerosene seller? You take him into your room for two hours just to sniff his kerosene?바카라�

And yet Sarita바카라�s mother and Tukaram바카라�s wife wouldn바카라�t stay angry for long. One day Sarita바카라�s mother saw Tukaram바카라�s wife whispering sweet nothings to some man in the darkness of night, and the very next day when Tukaram바카라�s wife was coming back from Pydhoni, she saw Sarita seated with a 바카라�gentleman friend바카라� in a car, and so the two agreed that they were even and began talking to each other again.

바카라�You didn바카라�t see Sarita anywhere, did you?바카라� Sarita바카라�s mother asked Tukaram바카라�s wife. Tukaram바카라�s wife looked through her squinty eyes towards the alley바카라�s corner. 바카라�She바카라�s playing with her friend over by the trash heap.바카라� Then she whispered, 바카라�Just a minute ago Kishori went upstairs, did you see him?바카라�

Sarita바카라�s mother glanced right and left.  Then she whispered, 바카라�I just asked him to sit down, but Sarita바카라�s always disappearing right when she바카라�s needed. She doesn바카라�t ever think, she doesn바카라�t understand anything. All she wants to do is play all day.바카라� Then she headed off towards the trash heap, and when she reached the concrete urinal, she went up to Sarita, who immediately stood up and a despondent expression spread over her face.  Sarita바카라�s mother angrily grabbed her by the arm and said, 바카라�Go home 바카라� get going! All you do is horse around, you good-for-nothing.바카라� Then as they were on their way home, she whispered, 바카라�Kishori바카라�s been waiting. He brought a rich man with a car. So listen. Hurry and run upstairs. Put on that blue georgette sari. And look, your hair바카라�s all messed up. Get ready quick, and I바카라�ll fix your hair.바카라� Sarita was very happy to hear that a  rich man with a  car had come.  She didn바카라�t care about the man but she really liked car rides.  When she was in a  car speeding through the empty streets,  the wind whipping over her face, she felt as though she had been transformed into a rampaging whirlwind. Sarita must not have been any older than fifteen, but she acted like a thirteen-year-old. She hated spending time with women and having to talk to them. All day long she kept busy playing meaningless games with younger girls. For example, she really liked to draw chalk lines on the alley바카라�s black asphalt, and she would play this game with so much concentration that it seemed as though the world would end if those crooked lines weren바카라�t there.  Or she would take an old gunnysack from their room and spend hours engrossed with her friends on the footpath 바카라� twisting it around, laying it on the pavement, sitting on it, and such childish things.

Sarita wasn바카라�t beautiful or fair-skinned.  Her face was always glossy because of Bombay바카라�s humid climate, her thin lips looked like the brown skin of the chikku fruit and were always lightly quavering, and above her upper lip, you could always find three or four glistening beads of sweat. And yet she was healthy. Although she lived in a dirty neighbourhood, her body was graceful and fit 바카라� in fact, you could say that she embodied youth itself. She was short and a little chubby, but this chubbiness made her seem only healthier, and when she rushed about the streets, if her dirty dress should fly up, passing men would look at her young calves that gleamed like smooth teak. Her pores were like those of an orange, its skin filled with juice, which, if you applied the slightest pressure, would squirt up into your eyes. She was that fresh.

Sarita had good-looking arms as well. Even though she wore a poorly fitting blouse, the beauty of her shoulders was still visible. Her hair was long and thick and always smelled of coconut oil, and her braid snapped like a whip against her back. Sarita didn바카라�t like the length of her hair because her braid gave her problems when she played, and she had tried all sorts of ways to hold it in place.

Sarita was blissfully free from worry. She got two meals a  day,  and her mother did all the work at home.  Sarita carried out only two duties:  every morning she would fill up buckets of water and take them inside, and in the evening she would fill up the lamps with a drop or two of oil. This had been her strict routine for years, and so each evening,  without thinking,  she would reach for the tea saucer in which they kept their coins and grab one before taking the lamp down to buy oil.

Once in a  while,  about four or five times a  month,  Kishori would bring customers,  and the men would take Sarita off to a  hotel or some dark place,  and she considered this good entertainment. She never bothered much about these nights,  perhaps because she thought that some guy like Kishori must go to other girls바카라� houses too.  Perhaps she imagined that all girls had to go out with rich guys to  Worli to sit on cold benches, or to the wet sand of Juhu Beach. Whatever happened to her must happen to everyone, right? One day when Kishori brought a regular john, Sarita said to her mother, 바카라�Mom, Shanta바카라�s old enough now. Send her out with me, okay? This one always orders me eggs, and Shanta really likes eggs.바카라� Her mother replied evasively, 바카라�Okay, okay, I바카라�ll send her out once her mom comes back from Pune.바카라� The next day Sarita saw Shanta coming back from the open toilet, and she told her the good news, 바카라�When your mom comes back from Pune, everything바카라�s going to work out. You바카라�ll start coming with me to Worli.바카라� Then Sarita told the story of what had happened one recent night, making it sound like a wonderful dream. Shanta was two years younger than Sarita, and after listening to Sarita바카라�s story, she felt a ripple of excitement course through her body. She wanted to hear even more, so she grabbed Sarita바카라�s arm and said, 바카라�Come on, let바카라�s  go  outside.바카라�  They went down near the open toilet where Girdhari, the shopkeeper, had put out ten rupees 17dirty pieces of coconut to dry on gunnysacks. There they gossiped for hours.

**

Behind a makeshift curtain, Sarita was putting on her blue georgette sari. The cloth gave her goose bumps, and the thought of the upcoming car ride excited her. She didn바카라�t stop to think about what the man would be like or where they would go, but as she quickly changed she hoped that the car ride wouldn바카라�t be so short that before she knew it, she would be standing in front of the door to some hotel room where once inside, the john would start drinking and she would begin to feel claustrophobic. She hated those suffocating rooms with their two iron beds on which she could never get a good sleep. 

Smoothing out her sari바카라�s wrinkles, she let Kishori look at her for a second, then asked him, 바카라�Kishori, how do I look? Is the sari okay from behind?바카라� Without waiting for an answer, she went over to the broken wooden chest where she kept her Japanese powder and rouge. She set her rusted mirror up against the window바카라�s iron bars, and bending over a little to look at her reflection there, she put powder and purple-tinged rouge on her dusky cheeks. When she was ready, she smiled and looked at Kishori for his approval. Then she haphazardly covered her lips in lipstick. The sum effect was that she looked like one of those clay dolls that appear in toy sellers바카라� stores over Diwali. 

Sarita바카라�s mother came in, quickly fixed Sarita바카라�s hair, and said to her daughter, 바카라�Look, my little girl, remember to talk like a grown-up, and do whatever he says. This man is very rich, okay? He even has his own car.바카라� Then she turned to Kishori, 바카라�Now, quickly, take her out. The poor man! Just think how long he바카라�s been waiting!바카라�

Outside in the bazaar,  there was a factory wall stretching into the distance on which a small sign read,  바카라�NO URINATING바카라�. Next to this sign, there was a parked yellow car in which three young men from Hyderabad were sitting, each one covering his nose with a  hanky.  (They  would  have  moved  the  car,  but  the  wall  went  on  for a long way and the stench of piss ran its entire length.) When the driver saw Kishori, he said to his friends, 바카라�Hey, he바카라�s coming. Kishori. And . . . and . . . hey, this girl바카라�s really young! Guys, look 바카라� the one in the blue sari.바카라�

When  Kishori and Sarita came up to the car, the two men in the back seat picked up their hats and cleared space between them for Sarita. Kishori stepped forward, opened the back door and quickly pushed Sarita inside. Then he closed the door and said to the guy behind the wheel, 바카라�Sorry it took so long. She had gone to see a friend. So . . . so . . .?바카라� The young man turned around to look at Sarita and then said to Kishori, 바카라�Okay, then. But, look . . .바카라� He stuck his head out of the window and whispered to Kishori, 바카라�She won바카라�t put up a fuss, will she?바카라�

Kishori put his hand on his heart. 바카라�Sir, please trust me.바카라� The young man took two rupees out of his pocket and gave it to Kishori. 바카라�Go enjoy yourselves,바카라� Kishori said and waved goodbye. Then the driver started the car. 

It was five in the evening, and traffic filled the Bombay streets 바카라� cars, trams, buses, and people were everywhere. Sarita didn바카라�t say anything as she sat scrunched between the two men. She squeezed her thighs together and rested her hands on her lap, and several times just as she had built up the courage to say something, she would suddenly stop. She wanted to tell the driver, 바카라�Sir, please drive quickly. I바카라�m about to suffocate back here.바카라�

No one said anything for quite some time;  the driver watched the road, and the men in the back seat were silent as they thought anxiously about how for the first time they were sitting so close to a young girl, one who was theirs, one with whom they could mess around without getting into any trouble.

The driver had been living in Bombay for two years and had picked up girls like Sarita both during the day and at night; he had had many prostitutes in his yellow car and so wasn바카라�t nervous in the least. His two friends had come from Hyderabad: Shahab wanted to experience all that the big city had to offer, and so Kifayat, the owner of the car, had bought Sarita through Kishori. Kifayat  had  said  to  his second friend, Anwar, 바카라�You know, there바카라�d be nothing wrong  if  you  got  one  for  yourself.바카라�  But  Anwar thought it wrong and couldn바카라�t bring himself to consent.  Kifayat had never seen Sarita before, and despite the novelty she presented, he wasn바카라�t interested in her just then, since he couldn바카라�t very well drive and look at her at the same time.

Once they left the city and entered the suburbs, Sarita sprang to life. The cool wind rushing over the speeding car soothed her, and she felt fresh and full of energy again. In fact, she could barely contain herself: she began to tap her feet, sway her arms, and drum her fingers as she glanced back and forth at the trees that streamed past the road. Anwar and Shahab were becoming more relaxed, and Shahab felt he could do whatever he wanted with Sarita. He reached around her waist, and suddenly Sarita felt someone tickling her. She sprang away, wriggling close to Anwar, and her laughter trailed from the car바카라�s windows far into the distance. Again Shahab reached out for Sarita, and she doubled over, laughing so hard that she could hardly breathe,  forcing  Anwar to scrunch against the car door and try to maintain his composure.

Shahab was in ecstasy, and he said to Kifayat, 바카라�By God, she바카라�s really spunky!바카라� Then he pinched her thigh very hard, and  Sarita reacted impulsively,  twisting Anwar바카라�s ear for no reason other than he was closest.  Everyone burst out laughing. Kifayat kept looking over his shoulder even though he could see everything in the rearview mirror. He sped up, trying to keep pace with the laughter in the back seat.

Sarita wanted to get out and sit on the car바카라�s hood next to its iron fixture shaped like a flying bird.  She leaned forward, Shahab poked her,  and  Sarita threw her arms around Kifayat바카라�s neck in order to keep her balance. Without thinking,  Kifayat kissed her hand,  and  Sarita바카라�s entire body tingled. She jumped over the seat to sit next to Kifayat where she began to play with his necktie. 바카라�What바카라�s your name?바카라� she asked.

바카라�Me? I바카라�m Kifayat.바카라� Then he took out ten rupees from his pocket and gave it to her. 

The money distracted Sarita, and she instantly forgot what Kifayat had said as she took the note and crammed it into her bra. She was a child 바카라� ignorant and happy. 바카라�That was very nice of you,바카라� she said. 바카라�And your necktie바카라�s nice too.바카라� 

Sarita was in such a good mood that she liked everything she saw. She wanted to believe that even bad things could be redeemed, she wanted the car to continue speeding along, and she wanted everything to fall into the whirlwind. 
Suddenly she wanted to sing. She stopped playing with Kifayat바카라�s tie and sang, 바카라�It was you who taught me how to love/and woke my sleeping heart.바카라�

After singing this film song for a while, Sarita suddenly turned around and said to Anwar, 바카라�Why are you so quiet? Why don바카라�t you say something?  Why don바카라�t you sing something?바카라� Then she jumped into the back seat and began to run her fingers through Shahab바카라�s hair and said to him, 바카라�Let바카라�s sing together. Do you remember that song Devika Rani sang, 바카라�I wish I could be a bird singing through the forests바카라�? I really like Devika Rani.바카라� Then she put her hands together, propped them beneath her chin, and batting her eyelashes began  to  tell  the  story,  바카라�Ashok  Kumar  and  Devika  Rani  were standing next to each other, and Devika Rani said, 바카라�I wish I could be a bird singing through the forests바카라�, and Ashok Kumar said . . .바카라� Suddenly Sarita turned to Shahab, 바카라�Sing along, okay?바카라� 

Sarita began to sing, 바카라�I wish I could be a bird singing through the forests바카라�. And in a coarse voice, Shahab repeated the same. 

Then they all began singing together. Kifayat began honking the horn to the song바카라�s rhythm, and Sarita followed the beat by clapping. Sarita바카라�s feminine voice mixed with Shahab바카라�s raspy one,  as well as the horn바카라�s honking, the wind바카라�s rushing, and the engine바카라�s rumbling 바카라� it all sounded like the music of a small orchestra. 

Sarita was happy 바카라� Shahab was happy 바카라� Kifayat was happy 바카라� and seeing them all happy made Anwar happy too,  and yet he was embarrassed for having been so inhibited. He felt a tingling sensation in his arms, and his repressed emotions awoke: he stretched loudly, yawned, and then felt ready to join in the revelry.

As she sang, Sarita took Anwar바카라�s hat from his head, put it on and then jumped into the front seat to look at herself in the rearview mirror. Seeing Sarita wearing his hat, Anwar couldn바카라�t remember whether he had been wearing it from the beginning of the car ride. He felt disoriented.

Sarita  slapped  Kifayat바카라�s  thigh  and  asked,  바카라�If  I  put  on  your pants, and wore your shirt and tie, would I look like a well-dressed businessman?바카라� 
But  this  talk  of  cross-dressing  upset  Shahab,  and  he  shook Anwar바카라�s arm, 바카라�By God, you바카라�re such an idiot to have given her the hat!바카라� Anwar took these words to heart. He thought for a moment that he really was an idiot. 

바카라�What바카라�s your name?바카라� Kifayat asked Sarita. 

바카라�My name?바카라� Sarita took the hat바카라�s elastic cord and strapped it in beneath her chin. 바카라�Sarita.바카라�

바카라�Sarita, you바카라�re not a woman but a firecracker,바카라� Shahab said. Anwar wanted to say something, but Sarita  began  to  sing in a loud voice, 바카라�I바카라�m going to build my house in the City of Love and forget the rest of the world!바카라� 

Kifayat and Shahab felt transported, but Anwar still couldn바카라�t get over his nerves. Sarita kept singing, 바카라�I바카라�m going to build my house in the City of Love and forget the rest of the world . . .바카라� and she stretched out the last word for as long as her breath lasted.  Her long hair was blowing back and forth, and it looked like a column of thick smoke spreading in the breeze. She was happy.

Sarita was happy 바카라� Shahab was happy 바카라� Kifayat was happy 바카라�and Anwar once again tried to join in, but when the song ended, everyone felt as though a shower of rain had suddenly stopped.

Kifayat asked Sarita to sing another song.

Yeah, one more,바카라� Shahab encouraged her. 바카라�If they could only hear us now!바카라�

Sarita began to sing, 바카라�Ali has come to my courtyard.  I바카라�m staggering from joy!바카라�  Hearing these lyrics, Kifayat began swerving the car from side to side. Then suddenly the winding road ended, and they found themselves near the sea. The sun was setting, and the breeze off the ocean was becoming colder by the minute.바카라�

Kifayat stopped the car. Sarita got out and set off running down the beach, and Kifayat and Shahab joined her. She ran upon the wet sand by the tall palm trees that rose along the ocean바카라�s open vista, and she wondered what it was she wanted 바카라� she wanted to fade into the horizon, dissolve into the water, and soar so high into the sky that the palm trees stood beneath her; she wanted to absorb the sand바카라�s moisture through her feet, and . . . and . . . the car, the speed, the lash of the rushing air . . . she felt transported.

The three young men from Hyderabad sat down on the wet sand and began to drink beer, but then Sarita grabbed a bottle from Kifayat and said, 바카라�Wait, let me pour you some.바카라�

Sarita poured so quickly that the beer바카라�s head rose over the glass바카라�s edge, and this pleased her extraordinarily. She dipped her finger into the beer and licked off the foam, but it was very bitter and she immediately puckered her lips. Kifayat and Shahab burst out laughing. 

When he couldn바카라�t stop, Kifayat had to look away to calm himself, and then he saw that Anwar too was laughing. They had six bottles 바카라� some they poured quickly so that his head overflowed their glasses and its foam disappeared into the sand, and some they actually managed to drink. Sarita kept singing, and once when Anwar looked at her, he imagined that she was made of beer. The damp sea breeze was glistening on her dark cheeks. She was very  happy,  and now Anwar was too. He wished that the ocean바카라�s water would change into beer, and then he would dive in with Sarita. Sarita picked up two empty bottles and banged them against each other. They clanged loudly, and she burst out laughing, and everyone followed suit. 

바카라�Let바카라�s go for a drive,바카라� she suggested to Kifayat. They left the bottles right there on the wet sand and raced ahead to the car to their seats. Kifayat started the engine and off they went. Soon the wind was rushing over them and Sarita바카라�s long hair streamed up, over her head. They began to sing.  The car sped, lurching down the road,  and  Sarita kept singing where she sat in the back seat between Anwar,  who was dozing,  and  Shahab.  Mischievously, she started to run her fingers through  Shahab바카라�s hair, yet the only effect of this was that it lulled him to sleep.  Sarita turned back to look at Anwar, and when she saw that he was still sleeping, she jumped into the front seat and whispered to Kifayat, 바카라�I바카라�ve put your friends to sleep. Now it바카라�s your turn.바카라�

Kifayat smiled. 바카라�Then who바카라�ll drive?바카라� 

바카라�The car will drive itself,바카라� Sarita answered, smiling. The two lost track of time as they talked with each other, and before they realized it, they found themselves back in the bazaar where Kishori had ushered Sarita into the car. When they got to the factory wall with the 바카라�NO URINATING바카라� sign, Sarita said, 바카라�Okay, stop here.바카라� 

Kifayat stopped the car, and before he could say or do anything  Sarita got out,  waved goodbye and headed to her home. With his hands still on the wheel, Kifayat was replaying in his mind all that had just happened when  Sarita stopped and turned around. She returned to the car, removed the ten-rupee note from her bra and dropped it onto the seat next to him. Startled, he looked at the note. 바카라�What바카라�s this, Sarita?바카라�

바카라�This money 바카라� why should I take it?바카라� she said before she turned and took off running. Kifayat stared in disbelief at the note, and when he turned to the back seat, his friends were fast asleep.

(Saadat Hasan Manto was one of the renowned Urdu fiction writers, known for writing some masterpieces like 바카라�Thanda Gosht바카라�, 바카라�Khol Do바카라� and 바카라�Toba Tek Singh바카라�. Excerpted from Bombay Stories by Saadat Hasan Manto, 바카라�translated by Matt Reeck and Aftab Ahmad, with permission from 바카라�Penguin Random House India)