Popular artists operating in Basel include Dare, Smash-137, Bustart and Dream - all pen names for individuals바카라 wishing to keep their real identities a secret.
In January 2013,  was caught with spray paints in his bag in Basel, a city in northwestern Switzerland, situated close to the country바카라s borders with neighbouring France and Germany. The Basel Criminal Court convicted him for defacement of public property and sentenced him to pay 210 daily rates of 30 francs.
The youngster was simply one of around one hundred active graffiti artists in Basel.
Swiss cities are known the world over for their order and cleanliness - so it may come as a surprise that Basel, like many cities in Switzerland, has a prolific street art scene.
Developed in New York in the 1960's, graffiti or street art in general, was part of the greater counter-culture movement and stood in opposition to conventional social, political and economic principles of society. Thus, since its inception, it has been a vividly provocative art form associated with rebellion against society.
It takes up a confrontational stance against virtually any audience as it is an illegal art form with no authority over the space it claims. The consequences of this are two fold. Firstly, the illegality of the practise ensures that it is anonymous. Most street artists choose to keep their identities a secret and operate using pseudonyms. Every time they spray a wall, they leave behind their signature. Short pseudonyms are popular probably because they are easy to replicate, indicating a faster spraying rate and a reduced likelihood of being caught red-handed.
Secondly, the illegal nature of the art form accentuates transience. It ensures that graffiti occupies a temporary place on the walls of society as it is under constant threat of erasure by public authorities. Due to this, one of the most significant characteristics of street art is an unpredictable dynamism.
Electrified by the emergence of the breakdance culture coming out of New York in the 1980s, Basel바카라s teenagers were quick to tap into the accompanying graffiti scene and make it their own. Grabbing spray cans, they hit the streets and plastered the walls of the city, all part of an underground subculture shrouded in secrecy.
Popular artists operating in Basel include Dare, Smash-137, Bustart and Dream - all pen names for individuals바카라 wishing to keep their real identities a secret.
For instance, the street artist Dare was a man called Sigi von Koeding. He died in 2010 but in spite of this, there are several tags of his along the railway line, popularly known as the Basel line in street art circles. Dare바카라s case, however, is an exception. More often than not, people are unaware of the individual behind the pseudonym.
바카라FTP바카라 is another acronym proliferating in the Basel art scene. The letters are devised by Dare and have acquired widespread significance. They stand for 바카라Fuck The Police바카라, expressing strong anti-establishment sentiment. The acronym is scattered all over the city, where almost any sprayed wall has a tiny 바카라FTP바카라 somewhere in its corner. Later, there surfaced derivations of this acronym, the most popular being 바카라FYA바카라- 바카라Fuck You All바카라.
Like most graffiti artists, Dare predominantly sprayed his pen-name. Similarly, anyone who wants to make a name for themselves on the street must spray their name on a significantly large number of walls before they are recognised within city circles. As Mike, who started his exploits in graffiti at the age of 14, states, 바카라There is a side to graffiti that is a bit ego, another that it a bit 바카라.
In Basel, in particular, graffiti does not seem to be concerned with the overtly political. Rarely does street art engage with concrete political issues and take a stand on them. More often than not, the spraying revolves around an egotistical obsession with one바카라s own name, where artists are primarily concerned with spraying their pseudonym on as many surfaces as possible바카라perhaps a political act in its own right.
Andreas Pecnik, head of project Welcome, a Basel based organisation working to remove illegally applied paint from urban surfaces, agrees. According to Pecnik, the graffiti being practised by Basel바카라s youngsters is nothing but self-conceit. Removing it from urban surfaces 바카라not only increases the quality of stay, but also enhances safety in public 바카라. To support his statements, Pecnik cites the Broken Windows theory which states that any small damage in a neighbourhood, such as a broken window or an unclean wall, promotes neglect of the entire neighbourhood and, in turn, encourages rowdy behaviour. If walls of a particular neighbourhood are sprayed with graffiti, people take that as license, for example, to urinate on the walls. 바카라Sprayers are a lack of social control바카라 says Pecnik, 바카라and they need to be controlled.바카라
In an effort to control street artists, there have been an increasing number of initiatives to bring graffiti within the legal ambit. For instance, it is now possible to legally spray at a few designated places in Basel, including the Tramwendeschlaufe (Tram station) at SchĂ€nzli. Moreover, organizations like 바카라Urbane Kunst바카라 (Urban Art) are attempting to overcome the covert nature of street art by organizing artist-led events, workshops, wall designs and other commissioned work. The organization represents a selection of local and international artists, and functions as the point of contact for patrons who wish to get in touch with artists. Inasmuch as this, it attempts to remove graffiti from the shroud of illegality and bring it out into the open by offering artists a platform to express themselves within the ambit of law.
However, many sprayers want no part of this new legality. They want nothing to do with money or the market; even commissioned work, for them, is a sign of betrayal.
When asked whether he would do commissioned work, the voice of Fabio바카라a resident Basel graffiti artist바카라gets louder. 바카라The wall is painted and sealed and it should stay that way? No change! What's that for?바카라 he . To him, a painted wall that stays the same is no more exciting than a gray one. 바카라If they say: 바카라Here, on these 20 meters you can paint, not more바카라, then I do not accept that바카라 he states.
Fabio바카라s way of looking at things resonates with many street artists. Graffiti, without an element of underground subculture is, for them, not graffiti at all. It is simply painting on a wall. It is the illegality of the art form바카라associated with rebelling against, rather than conforming to, social norms바카라that causes artists to flock to it. As Fabio says, 바카라Graffiti is not a hobby, it is a way of life.바카라