The hype that 바카라Howdy Modi!바카라 extravaganza on September 22 would immediately usher in rich policy dividends was based on an inadequate understanding of America바카라s decision-making process.
The hype that 'Howdy Modi!' extravaganza on September 22 would immediately usher in rich policy dividends was based on an inadequate understanding of America바카라s decision-making process.
The hype that 바카라Howdy Modi!바카라 extravaganza on September 22 would immediately usher in rich policy dividends was based on an inadequate understanding of America바카라s decision-making process.
The United States has many pockets of 바카라Power바카라. It is an exemplar of 바카라checks and balances바카라 between the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary working in a 바카라dynamic tension바카라, as described by the Late Senator John Tower during the Iran-Contra Scandal enquiry.
Hedrick Smith in his monumental work 바카라The Power Game -- How Washington Works바카라 (1988) says: 바카라Power floats -- it shifts and does not reside in the White House; The President is always part of the power mix but not necessarily the central part바카라.
US Congress created scores of Committees since the Nixon era for Governmental control 바카라each taking charge of a slice of federal policy바카라. Congressional Committees have effective powers over new bills and amendments. Senate has overriding powers over appointments to higher posts. Congressional Committees can delay government action by holding open televised hearings of senior public servants to influence public opinion.
An example is their budget. The Presidential 바카라request바카라 is submitted to the Congress in February on new policies and funding. The Congress responds by drafting 바카라Concurrent Congressional Budget Resolution바카라, sometimes watering down President바카라s proposals and creating new items. The 바카라Appropriation바카라 Committee in each house, while allocating funds, may introduce policy changes and 바카라riders바카라 (called 바카라stealth legislation바카라) binding on departments.
US Congressional parties do not follow the same party discipline as in India. Eleven Senate Republicans joined the Democrats on September 25, 2019, in voting against Trump바카라s proposal to utilise state funds for border fencing.
The President can veto the entire budget, but it will have adverse effects like Government 바카라shutdowns바카라. A bill permitting Presidential 바카라Line item veto바카라 passed in 1996 was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1998 although 43 of the 50 State governors enjoy that power.
As a result, individual US departments project their own policy pronouncements based on legal, bipartisan and national interests. That is how one sees the wide gap between their action and what is projected to us through the 바카라Howdy Modi바카라 events.
Thus we saw Alice Wells, Assistant Secretary of State speaking at the United Nations on September 26 conveying that US was 바카라concerned by widespread detentions, including those of politicians and business leaders, and the restrictions on the residents of Jammu and Kashmir바카라. She said she looked forward to the resumption of political engagement with local leaders and the scheduling of the promised elections at the earliest opportunity.
On October 2, a State Department spokesperson nearly contradicted our external affairs minister바카라s claim that he was 바카라reasonably convinced바카라 of having been able to persuade US to avoid sanctions on India바카라s purchase of Russian S-400 missiles. On October 3, US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross termed the Houston claim on trade deal as 바카라only speculation바카라.
A study of the 바카라Countering America바카라s adversaries through sanctions Act바카라 (2017) would indicate how Congress had compelled a reluctant President to sign this law despite his protests.
Hyperbolic announcements like what was published by India West, a US-based ethnic paper, that our PM바카라s 바카라call upfront for Trump바카라s victory바카라 (바카라Ab ki bar Trump Sarkar바카라) had marked 바카라a completeness of alliance between the two countries as equal partners바카라 has annoyed Democrats who had also attended the function.
Presidential hopefuls like Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren protested at the human rights violations in Kashmir. Democrat Congressman Brad Sherman, Chairman of the US House Sub-Committee on Asia is holding hearings on human rights in South Asia on October 22, particularly in the Valley, Sri Lanka and on Muslims in Assam.
Finally, US agencies keep a close watch on Diaspora movements as their activities have domestic security implications due to dual loyalty, funds flow and efforts to influence American policies through different means, including espionage.
Since 2001 terrorism is another factor. US military바카라s professional journal Military Review바카라s March-April 2018 issue has carried excerpts from Samuel Huntington바카라s 2004 book 바카라Who are we? The Challenges to America바카라s National Identity바카라, and visuals of PM바카라s Madison Avenue rally on 28 September 2014 as preamble.
Also highlighted are how foreign powers바카라 policy clashes and Diaspora바카라s money power end up exacerbating tensions during US elections, quoting the 1996 South Dakota Senate Elections resulting in the defeat of Senator Larry Pressler by Pakistan Diaspora.
(The writer is a former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat. Views are personal.)