The Auditory Tree House

Sanaf, who plays the 바카라�tar바카라�바카라�a six-string Iranian instrument바카라�as part of Tehran-based artiste Makan Ashgvari바카라�s trio, finds a corner to tune her instrument. She바카라�s soon approached by kamaicha maestro Dharra Khan, who politely enquires, 바카라�You바카라�re from Iran. What is this instrument? Do you know of the kamancheh?바카라� The ensuing conversion ends up in a minor scale jam: the percussive, individual string plucks of the tar and the sonorous glissando of the kamaicha wound by steady dholak thumps. An etymological curiosity becomes the starting point to tie two far-away cultures in melodious ways. Kamancheh literally means 바카라�little bow바카라� in Persian. And it바카라�s spread in various forms across central Asia.

Judging from the line-up of the 11th edition of the five-day  Jodhpur RIFF held this October바카라�its schedule peppered with coll­aborations between local and international artists바카라�someday, the kama­icha of Rajasthan may meet the Iranian kam­ancheh (one of them is the derivative of the other, one strongly suspects) in one of these folk festival green room jams바카라�or, indeed, on stage바카라�much before ethnomusicologists map the connections. In that sense, the proliferation of roots music festivals across the world in the past few decades makes way for imagining a global folk musician community of sorts, a space where INS­truments peculiar to the mai­nstream eye criss-cross. Jodhpur RIFF, which is held in the majestic Mehrangarh fort of Rajasthan바카라�s 바카라�Blue City바카라�, has partnered with a few international festivals, ­including the Edinburgh International Festival, Woodford Folk Festival, Aus­tralia, and Cervantino Inter­national Festival in Mexico.

In one of the collaboration events of the fest, Dharra Khan jammed with an instrument from another part of the world to roaring app­lause바카라�Grammy-winning South African musician Wouter Kellerman바카라�s flute. Dharra바카라�s schedule for the festival was tight바카라�a day before the collaboration with Wouter, he had played late into the night (till alm­ost 2 am) as part of a special performance for the festival. And he바카라�s not the only kamaicha player at the festival. Apart from his elder brother Ghewar Khan바카라�s performance, a kamaicha ustad by the name of Dapu Khan played to an intimate gathering in Mehrangarh on one of the evenings under the 바카라�living legends바카라� category of the festival.

The prominence of the kamaicha at the festival bodes well for the instrument. It바카라�s the Manganiar community바카라�s own instrument. Made out of mango wood, with three strings prepared from goat int­estine, the other 14 (or less) resonant strings made out of metal and a goat hide used to cover the belly, the kamaicha is complex to craft, hence difficult to procure. It바카라�s also the toughest to master among the Manganiar instrument set, which incl­udes the dholak, khartaal, sarangi, and increasingly, the harmonium.

바카라�It바카라�ll disappear eventually,바카라� says Dapu Khan in an after-show chat without much consternation, matter of fact. 바카라�Kids today go and study, they feel a bit embarrassed taking it up.바카라� For the Manganiar community of Rajasthan and Sindh, music has been a caste-occupation. 바카라�You바카라�ll not find it outside Jaisalmer and Barmer...maybe some in Pakistan.바카라� Umarkot district in Pakistan, which has some Manganiar people, is the other place for the last remaining kamaichas. The place finds mention in 바카라�Moomal바카라�, a folk song about a girl from Jaisalmer, who pines for her lover in Amarkot (the older name for Umarkot). The song is an essential part of Dapu Khan바카라�s traditional repertoire.

Dharra Khan too acknowledges the challenges his instrument faces, but he has reasons to be optimistic. Dharra mentions that a few years ago, the Mehrangarh trust and Jodhpur RIFF바카라�s org­anisers, along with the Manganiar community바카라�s support, started camps in his village in Jaisalmer district where children could train under the current experts. 바카라�It바카라�s a seven-day camp held after every six-eight months. We call out those kids who want to learn the kamaicha, since it바카라�s the most difficult to pick up,바카라� he says. And the signs of a rev­ival can already be gauged. 바카라�Only two kids had come for the first camp. The number went up to four...then five. By the last camp, we had twenty students,바카라� says Dharra Khan. He has also been sourcing unused kamaichas from Manganiar homes in neighbouring villages. I got one from a village in Jalore district, one from Barmer...I have four-five kamaichas in my house now.바카라�

On another day of the festival, the green room resounds with a different set of indigenous instruments, this time from Réunion Island, an 바카라�overseas department of France바카라� in the Indian Ocean. When frontman Tiloun Depatater and his crew take the beats to the stage, the audience is unaware that they are headed for a party. Tiloun plays the kayamb, a rectangular instrument made out of sugarcane reeds, which is filled with canna, or other, seeds. Played by shaking it through the wrist to produce rustling triplets, the kayamb lays the foundation for the rest of the percussion to join in. Their music is called the Maloya, a music that has been as much political as traditional in Réunion. 바카라�It was banned till the 1980s by the government,바카라� says Tiloun 바카라�As Maloya was a part of political meetings.바카라� In the 19th century, when plantation workers were first brought to Réunion­바카라�indentured labour from India included바카라�the Maloya eventually became a secret way to communicate among the workers.

On the night Tiloun바카라�s beats entranced the audience, Australian drummer Gene Peterson took charge of the stage as the 바카라�rustler바카라�, a Jodhpur RIFF conductor of sorts. It was a jam session바카라�almost as if the green room had been shifted to the stage, a welcome intervention as far as the criss-crossing of instruments is concerned. Sharing the stage with him were Manganiar musicians, all percussionists, who had been acco­mpanying Dharra Khan바카라�s kama­icha all through the festival. Sanaf joined them on her tar for a number. Tom Thum, the phenomenal Australian beatboxer was also part of this global folk jugalbandi. The old got interpreted through the new and vice-versa.

By Martand Badoni in Jodhpur