No Signs On Road To Hell

In North 24 Parganas, this is more than just routine--it바카라�s a standing instruction from parents worried about their daughters바카라� safety. It is also part of a lesson taught in almost every school in the vicinity, a mandatory special subject바카라�a course on 바카라�how to identify and stay away from human traffickers,바카라� says a girl. Absent in other parts of Bengal, it is unique to  both North and South 24 Parganas districts, and points to an ups­urge of girls from villages being kidnapped.

In fact, these two districts have a grim distinction바카라�they are the source of the most number of girls trafficked into the sex trade in India. 바카라�Out of every ten girls rescued from brothels and red light areas across the country, six are from Bengal바카라�s 24 Parganas districts,바카라� Rishi Kant of Shakti Vahini, a pan-India anti-trafficking NGO, tells Outlook. 바카라�While Bengal is number two in the country after Assam in terms of trafficking, South 24 Parganas is the number one district, followed closely by North 24 Parganas.바카라�

So grave is the menace that the West Bengal government has, since March 10, 2017, set up a separate police district that covers the Sunderbans area, which is said to be the most affected. The region, which shares with Bangladesh a vast deltaic border, streaked with crocodile-infested streams and covered in dense mangroves, has been identified by anti-trafficking NGOs and the police as also being the favoured zone of cross-border traffickers and smugglers. It bore fruit instantly바카라�Tathagata Basu, the superintendent of police in charge, busted a trafficking racket operating from South 24 Parganas to the brothels of Delhi and Agra during which six girls from the district were rescued. The incident pointed to the burgeoning rackets that traffic local girls.

The busted group바카라�s kingpins were a brother-sister duo from South 24 Parganas바카라� Dadpur village. They dipped into the des­­per­ation of the area바카라�s poverty-stricken families for jobs and money, the raw material for their horrible racket being the countless illiterate girls바카라�often, shockingly, their own neighbours.

바카라�The commonest practice is to lure the girl away to distant places with promises of jobs,바카라� explains SP Basu. 바카라�The families don바카라�t object because they are in dire need of the promised money.... The family is regularly sent money and it serves as an incentive for other girls to follow suit. This is how the traffickers thrive. Most families don바카라�t even lodge a complaint unless the money dries up. Even when they realise that their daughters have been forced into prostitution, they don바카라�t always speak up.바카라�

When Zubeda바카라�s husband, a labourer, was accused of murder and jailed, a local young man who travelled across India for jobs suggested that the 20-year-old take up a job in Delhi. On his advice, she left her children with her mother and boarded a train to Delhi. 바카라�Once there, he took me to the house of a woman who gave him a bundle of cash. Next thing I know I was waking up from a stupor in a brothel. I had to serve 20-25 customers a day. If I ref­used, they beat me; they burnt me with cigarettes. Eventually. Zubeda was rescued and sent home.

This and other methods were used by Pinki and Faraq Ali Gayen, the aforementioned duo arrested by the police with help from Shakti Vahini. Pinki, born into a poor family in Dadpur, was abandoned by her first husband and was sold to a brothel in Delhi by her second husband. Following the age-old custom in this business of sleaze, she came to run her own brothel and roped in her younger brother, Faraq, to supply young girls. Faraq lured girls from his village by showing them photographs of Pinki바카라�s purportedly flashy life in Delhi.

바카라�My children were not like that,바카라� their mother Sonia Bibi weeps, while speaking to Outlook. Their father made sweets from the juices of palm trees (nolen gur) in winter and hawked them. It was tough to make ends meet. Neighbours, therefore, were surprised by the sudden spurt in their income. As time went by, their modest hut grew to be a two-storeyed building. One of Pinki바카라�s brothers opened a mobile recharge shop. The police say Faraq used to source numbers from him to contact, and later trap, girls. After the racket was busted, enraged neighbours vandalised their house, the shop and all but drove the family away.

But a neighbourhood rickshaw-puller smirks and says, 바카라�They are caught, that바카라�s why they are being punished by neighbours. They can바카라�t be the only ones running these rackets. Every day there are girls missing from our villages. And every so often some family or another is getting inexplicably rich.바카라� His remarks also point to the trafficking of local women, by local criminals.

But what makes the 24 Parganas districts the highest in terms of trafficking, explain NGO workers, is the proximity to porous borders with Bangladesh through which infiltration takes place.

Sanjay Raj, programme manager at Argobbhawva Humanity Development, an NGO working for children바카라�s rights and rehabilitation in Bengal, points out that 바카라�Infiltration (from Ban­g­ladesh, for a better livelihood in India) and the resulting pov­­erty force families to resort to the promises of employm­ent made by traffickers, many of them known to them.바카라�

Many of the hapless girls are also trafficked from across the notoriously porous border, from Bangladesh, and then sent off through an intricate and well-oiled criminal network to red light areas across India. Both North and South 24 Parganas shares bor­­ders with Bangladesh. 바카라�Girls are pushed in thr­­ough the por­ous border at Darjeeling and Siliguri from Nepal too, making the north Bengal districts figure high on the list of places from where girls are trafficked in India,바카라� points out Rishi Kant. 바카라�But unlike Nepal, Bangladesh바카라�s close linguistic and cultural ties with Bengal make it easier for Bangladeshi girls to be integrated, making them less conspicuous when they are moved around.바카라�

Once the girls are smuggled in, they are sold to local pimps and are subsequently housed in local brothels and red light areas, then shifted to other parts of the country, especially Delhi, Mumbai and Agra. In India, their status as 바카라�illegal immigrants바카라� make them completely dependent on their traffickers for protection from police. Early on itself, their traffickers put the fear of god into them바카라�if they raise an alarm, they are warned, they would be beaten, tortured and jailed. The fear of prison and police custody is so great that even after being rescued from their sordid fate, many girls would not admit to being from Bangladesh. 바카라�Their plight is worse, because unlike girls who have families in India, they have no option but to remain where they are,바카라� Rishi Kant points out.

What makes infiltration relatively easy is, according to border security officials, the maddeningly irregular nature of the India-­Bangladesh border. It is fiendishly difficult to monitor the vast stretches of the border which doesn바카라�t just run through rivers and jungles where wire fencing cannot be installed, but also cuts through houses and buildings. 바카라�Some parts of the Indo-Bangladesh border darts through areas where, say, one part of someone바카라�s home falls in Bangladesh and the other is in India,바카라� a top officer of the BSF, which guards the border, tells Outlook. 바카라�There are instances where in remote regions a kitchen is in India, while the front yard is in Bangladesh,바카라� he adds, thereby giving credence to an old Partition trope. Rep­lying to allegations that the BSF is not able to contain cross-border smuggling, including human trafficking, he argues, 바카라�Our jawans cannot be expected to monitor such fluid borders.바카라� The lacuna in the drawing up of a proper demarcation between India and Bangladesh is British oversight, he claims, and attributes the menaces of smuggling to that.

Petrapol, on the India-Bangladesh border in North 24 Parganas, along with Benapol, situated a few miles west, in Bangladesh,  are the main crossover points between the two countries. At these high-security land ports, the two nations are separated with high wire-meshed fences and guarded by gun-toting BSF personnel. Sentries and checkposts dot the river banks too, but local villagers ask, 바카라�How can they watch the whole of the terrain all the time?바카라� Indeed, the vast expanse of marshy lands, paddy fields and water bodies on all directions, unmarred by border fencing, make it difficult for a anyone to figure out where India ends and Bangladesh begins. An on-duty BSF jawan holds out an outstretched hand, pointing an index finger at the line of demarcation. But he doesn바카라�t look very sure바카라�the line his expansive gesture delineates fades into the horizon in the gloaming.

No wonder then, in spite of official claims of a foolproof system in place to check infiltration, locals tell Outlook that almost every day people come into their villages from across the border. 바카라�Sometimes they swim across,바카라� says a woman, a farmer바카라�s wife, 바카라�and steal vegetables from our fields and go back. Sometimes they simply slide through the wire after creating a gap into it.바카라� The villagers will not disclose much else. They would readily talk about petty thefts by Bangladeshis, but say that they know nothing of smuggling or trafficking. Living next to the border, in areas crawling with miscreants and criminals of all shades, their lips are sealed.

바카라�See, smugglers and criminals have powerful police and politician connections in both countries,바카라� a 20-year-old son of a farmer finally ventures boldly. 바카라�We don바카라�t really deal with them or have anything to do with them.바카라�

A picture emerges then of a two-pronged trafficking activity바카라�girls brought in from Bangla­d­esh across porous borders, and, within that sub­­culture of rampant exploitation, of locals being kidnapped by criminals who are from the same community.

Every girl and woman that Outlook speaks to in the villages of 24 Parganas바카라�from Arpita Mandal of Ghonaar Maat village on the banks of the Icchhamati to Shefali Biswas, the wife of a local grocery shop owner in Kaliani village바카라�has this revealing line to say: 바카라�After sundown, we don바카라�t go out.바카라� They are aware of regular reports of missing girls and women from the area바카라�s villages and towns. 바카라�I know of a girl who was kidnapped while on her way back from school,바카라� says Trisha Sarkar of Putkhali village, as she herself hurries back home from school. 바카라�I didn바카라�t know her personally,바카라� she says, 바카라�but I heard about it.바카라�

The sun has set over the Icchamati and there are only a few shadowy figures silhouetted against the evening sky. None of them are women.

By Dola Mitra in North & South 24 Parganas