- 1924 Born in Gwalior (now M.P.)
- 1939 Joined RSS as a swayamsevak
- 1942 Jailed for 24 days during Quit India Movement
- 1947 Became RSS pracharak, scribe with Deendayal Upadhyay
- 1951 Membership of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh
- 1957 Lost Mathura but became MP from Balrampur in UP
- 1967 Elected second time from Balrampur Lok Sabha seat
- 1968-72 President of Bharatiya Jana Sangh
- 1975-77 Incarcerated during Emergency
- 1977-79 External affairs minister in Morarji Desai government
- 1980 co-founded the BJP and became its first president
- 1984 BJP reduced to two MPs; Vajpayee loses
- 1993-1996 Leader of opposition
- 1996 Prime minister for 13 days
- 1996- 1997 Leader of opposition
- 1998 PM for 13 months, nuclear test
- 1999-2004Â PM for full term, Pak intruders pushed back during Kargil conflict; Re-elected as MP in 2004
- 2009 Retired from electoral politics at end of term
- 2018 Dies in New Delhi on August 16
***
Atal Behari Vajpayee once said he was a poet by instinct and a politician by accident. It was his natural instinct for words that, of course, made him the great orator he was바카라but, in many ways, it also formed the polÂÂÂÂiÂÂtician. His political method was more flexible because his ideas moved in the fluid space of language, not in the rigid diktats of party lines. India바카라s right wing owes a large part of its accÂÂÂeÂÂptability, and its mainstreaming, to him바카라a fact it could pause to mull over in this day when a conciliatory tone is seen as a sign of weakness.
It was because Vajpayee worked a fuzzier politics than his peers바카라especÂially his long-time fellow traveller L.K. Advani바카라that he rose above the rest to emerge as the biggest consensus-buiÂlÂder of his era. His National Democratic Alliance (NDA) can be called the first fully functional experiment in unity in ideological diversity. Although the various Janata avatars, including the United Front of the 1990s, can be credited with inaugurating coalition politics, it was Vajpayee바카라s style of persuasion, rather than coercion, that made the difference.
No one expected the fractious coaÂliÂtion of 1999 to last, not even those witÂhin the BJP, especially after the earlier 13-day and 13-month-long failed stints. However, it did last the whole term. Credit it not just to his charisma and easy charm, but his personal rapport with smaller parties. Vajpayee바카라s success lay precisely in the fact that he never made the smaller parties feel small.
At the same time, his non-coercive style helped cool occasional flashes of anger and soften the intransigence of unpredictable allies like Mamata Banerjee, the late J. Jayalalitha and M. Karunanidhi바카라all of that with dignity, grace and humour. He landed at DMK leader Murasoli Maran바카라s funeral in 2003, surprising everyone, when the BJP바카라s relationship with that party was particularly tense. This is how Vajpayee was. His ego was never an obstacle바카라never unable, always enabling.
He handled the toughest of crises with self-deprecatory humour. His speeches in Parliament are some of the most memorable ever, appreciated across party lines. He had a way with even combative words that made him get away by saying things that would have sounded hurtful coming from a lesser leader. As a young MP, he misÂchievously told Nehru that his personality had both Churchill and Chamberlain in it. Nehru took it in his stride. In fact, he prescieÂntly introÂduÂced Vajpayee to a foreign dignitary as a 바카라future prime minister바카라. Indian politics possessed a quality then of which VajpÂaÂÂyee was as much an exemplar as Nehru was.
His approach to contentious issues was that they be referred to the collÂective wisdom of people. He managed to disarm even the Kashmiri separatist leadership, as he voiced his desire for a solution under 바카라Kashmiriyat, Insaniyat and Jamhuriyat바카라. After four years in power, and blowing hot and cold over Kashmir, even Prime Minister Narendra Modi was forced to acknowledge in his I-Day address that those three words enunciated by Vajpayee expressed the best solution.
Till date, Kashmir바카라s politicians say they saw the best chance for peace in VajpaÂyee바카라s days. They trusted his inclusivity, where that very tendeÂncy in others was often seen suspicioÂusly. Many in the strategic circles also belÂieve India had the best chance of reacÂhing some kind of a peace agreement with Pakistan under Vajpayee. The countries did come close to it when Vajpayee invited Pervez Musharraf for a summit in Agra in July 2001. He would have liked to define his years in power with a grand gesture of peaceÂmaking. However, on the verge of makÂing history, Vajpayee preferred to show a streak of firmness and go with AdvÂani바카라s hard bargaining바카라though doubt lingers over who was harder or softer. Vajpayee바카라s foreign policy had that dual quality. He could go ahead with nuclear tests, and then move swiÂftly to mend ties with a red-faced US, prompting a visit by Bill Clinton in 2000.
Within the BJP, he was considered the moderate face바카라the 바카라mukhota바카라바카라of a party closer in line to his polar opposite, hardliner Advani. This, though, had elements of a simulated conflict that both played in full awareness of the benefits in displaying this polarity in public. As PM, Vajpayee appointed Advani as his deputy PM and home minister, with almost complete charge of the domestic agenda. Advani has said the two shared a friendship that does not exist in politics anymore.
These signs of a self-secure leader showed even in the functional leeway he gave to his cabinet colleagues. VajpaÂyee favoured approval of FDI in print media. However, he gave time for debÂate to prepare the climÂate for the decÂisÂion. He left the details to Sushma SwaÂÂraj and took the final decision at the right time. Fine talent filled his cabinet, and he never tried to loom over them.
He always conceded that the Ayodhya temple was a universal demand, but never made a real push for it, seeking a solution with the goodwill of all conÂceÂrned. The human face of Hindu nationÂalism was, therefore, never a favourite of the RSS. He was not 바카라Hindu enough바카라 for the Sangh, who didn바카라t quite approve of his lifestyle too. But in retroÂspect, it would only be a cussed RSS strategist who would deny the role VajÂpayee played in their coming centreÂstÂage바카라or in the wider affairs of the nation.
