Note: In the wake of the Hathras gangrape and murder verdict, Outlook is revisiting its coverage of the Hathras tragedy, complex caste dynamics of gender violence and the erasure of evidence as truth.
A metal pitcher, its shine dulled over time, sits in one corner of the room. It is the same room which was once hers. Now only her ashes remain. She was just 19 when she died, a fortnight after she was gang-raped, allegedly by four upper-caste men of the village바카라Bulgarhi in Uttar Pradesh바카라s Hathras district. The youngest among five children of the Dalit family, she was the family바카라s princess. Her grieving father now has only one wish. To complete the customary immersion of his daughter바카라s ashes in the holy river, to ensure her soul achieves salvation. But that will have to wait. 바카라We will not immerse the ashes in the Ganga till the time we get justice. We want all the accused hanged,바카라 he says.
In the modest two-room, brick-and-mortar house of the family바카라now protected round-the-clock by a team of CRPF personnel바카라time stands still. And memories of the woman brutalised while collecting fodder for their cattle continue to haunt the living. Left severely paralysed after the sexual assault, the woman passed away at a Delhi hospital on September 29, 2020. Local polÂice cremated her body the same night, allegedly without informing the family, sparking nationwide anger and indignation over the insensitive handling of the case. Subsequently, the case was handed over to the CBI. All four accused are now in jail pending trial. Family members say they were not even allowed a last look at her remains.
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But her memories remain around the house. Like the tulsi sapling she had collected from a local field where the holy basil grows in the wild. She was 16 then. The Dalit girl had planted the sapling in the courtyard of her house, hoping that the plant considered divine by millions will keep her family safe from misfortune and also bring good health. The sapling is now a leafy, full-grown plant, standing proud in the middle of the courtyard. A piece of red cloth with golden borders바카라a chaddar offered to the mother goddess바카라lies draped over the plant. 바카라It gives us a feeling that she is still around,바카라 says the 52-year-old father of the woman. 바카라Do you know why the tulsi reminds us so much of her? It is not just because she had planted it. It is because it seems that my daughter sends us a message that she is with us,바카라 he adds. The names of family members cannot be divÂulged as the Supreme Court has barred media from publishing their names, photographs and videos to protect the victim바카라s identity.
The mother points to a green-and-red saree hanging from a clothesline on the veranda바카라the same saree she was wearing the day the news of her daughter바카라s death reached the family. The piece of cloth remains a reminder of the day the world came crashing down on the family.
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The Hathras incident had also exposed, once again, the stark reality of India바카라s social hierarchy where the so-called lower castes constantly face physical and mental trauma at the hands of the powerful people belonging to the upper castes. In Bulgarhi, where the upper castes are in the majÂority, sentiments are overwhelmingly in favour of the accused. And most people believe that they have been framed for a crime they didn바카라t commit. Munna Singh Pudir, the lawyer for the accused, says there is no evidence against the four men. 바카라It is a case of media trial. The girl had an affair with one of the accused. There are records of 104 calls between them which prove the relationship.바카라
The family of the woman, however, says the lower castes have always faced discrimination in the village. 바카라Even before the incident, we had to sell the milk from our buffaloes in other places as the upper caste people won바카라t buy from us. Shopkeepers refused to take back any items we wanted to return for some reason,바카라 says the 29-year-old elder brother of the victim.
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The Hathras victim바카라s mother at their residence in Bulgarhi
A 120-member CRPF team takes turns in six-hour shifts바카라at least 20 are on duty at any point in time바카라to provide security to the family. The security is even suffocating at times. 바카라It is like a prison. Where is our freedom? Look at the irony. The accused families are free to move around while we are in confinement,바카라 the father says. The male members of the family no longer go out for work. And the only time anyone steps outside is to buy ration from a nearby store. 바카라I was working in a school. Both my sons were working in Delhi-NCR but after the incident, they came back. Since we don바카라t work, there is no source of income. We are surviving on a Rs 25-lakh compensation from the government,바카라 the father adds.
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The family says that despite the media spotlight and national attention to their case, there has been no let-up in cases of rape and violence against Dalit women. 바카라There are at least three such cases in other villages in the district in a span of one year since my sister met a cruel end,바카라 the brother says.
Activists and experts also point out that the stringent laws enacted after the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder of a woman have done little to prevent such cases. 바카라The justice delivery system is failing. The lack of judgments from the courts is creating an atmosphere that the law is not acting as a deterrent,바카라 says Dr Ranjana Kumari, dirÂector of Centre for Social Research. 바카라In the Hathras case, an FIR was not lodged for ten days. There are many lapses in the case. All sorts of stories were floated바카라Šthat it was not a gang rape and it was a case of honour killing,바카라 she adds.
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She also dismissed recent data of the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) which suggest an 8.3 per cent decrease in crimes against women in India. 바카라Due to Covid and lockdown, many women couldn바카라t come forward to report cases and that바카라s the reason NCRB data shows a decÂline in cases. There is no let down in crime against women,바카라 she says.
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Social activist Yogita Bhayana says Dalit women are more vulnerable to atrocities by upper castes. 바카라There are many cases happening in the country but they go unreported because a Dalit family doesn바카라t muster the courage to stand up against a powerful community if the accused belongs to that community,바카라 she adds.
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However, not all lower caste families in the village agree to the allegation of exploitation. There are three more families of a backward class in this village with an estimated population over 600. 바카라It is true that we are untouchables and the upper caste people don바카라t take anything from us but it is incorrect to say that our women are under threat all the time whenever they go out,바카라 says a villager of a backward class. Outlook tried to speak to the family of the accused but they refÂused to comment.
For the victim바카라s family, if the present is troubling, the future appears scarier. 바카라We are concerned about our future,바카라 says the younger brother of the victim. 바카라We won바카라t get lifelong secÂurity. Once the case is over, it will be withdrawn. What happens after that? Do you think we can live here?바카라
(This appeared in the print edition as "Hathras Beyond Headlines")
By Jeevan Prakash Sharma in Bulgarhi, Hathras
